He aha ka "maikaʻi" o ke aniani ultra-stable a lōʻihi

Ma ka lā 15 o ʻOkakopa, ua hana maikaʻi nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o ʻenehana ʻo Chalmers ma Suedena i ke ʻano hou o ke aniani ultra-stable a lōʻihi me nā noi kūpono e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā pale kikohoʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻenehana solar cell.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina pehea e hui ai i nā molekala he nui (a hiki i ka ʻewalu i ka manawa) hiki ke hana i kahi mea hana maikaʻi e like me nā mea hana aniani maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa.

ʻO ke aniani, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo "amorphous solid", he mea me ka ʻole o kahi ʻano i kauoha ʻia-ʻaʻole ia e hana i nā kristal.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā mea crystalline he mau mea i kauoha nui ʻia a hana hou.

ʻO ka mea a mākou i kapa pinepine ai he "aniani" i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ma luna o ka silica, akā hiki ke hana ʻia ke aniani me nā mea like ʻole.No laila, makemake mau ka poʻe noiʻi i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā ala hou e paipai i nā mea like ʻole e hoʻokumu i kēia mokuʻāina amorphous, hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā aniani hou me nā waiwai i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia a me nā noi hou.ʻO ka noiʻi hou i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai ʻepekema ʻo "Science Advances" kahi hana nui i mua no ka noiʻi.

I kēia manawa, ma ka hoʻohui wale ʻana i nā molekala like ʻole, ua wehe koke mākou i ka hiki ke hana i nā mea aniani hou a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.ʻO ka poʻe e aʻo nei i nā molekala organik e ʻike i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau molekole like ʻole hiki ke kōkua i ke ʻano aniani, akā liʻiliʻi ka mea hiki ke manaʻo e hoʻohui i nā molekala hou e loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi loa, "alakaʻi ka hui noiʻi i ka noiʻi.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Polofesa Christian Müller mai ke Keʻena ʻenehana a me ka ʻenekinia o ke Kulanui o Ulms.

Nā hopena maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia mea hana aniani

Ke maʻalili ka wai me ka crystallization ʻole, hana ʻia ke aniani, kahi hana i kapa ʻia he vitrification.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui ʻana o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mole e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke aniani he manaʻo makua.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hopena o ka hui ʻana i ka nui o nā molekala i ka hiki ke hana i ke aniani ua loaʻa iki ka nānā.

Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka hui ʻana o nā molekele perylene like ʻole, ʻo ia wale nō ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe - pili kēia ʻano i ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana i ke aniani.Akā, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana i nā molekala he nui ke alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi nui o ka brittleness a lilo i aniani ikaika loa me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa.

"He haʻahaʻa loa ka palupalu o ke aniani a mākou i hana ai i kā mākou noiʻi, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ke hana aniani maikaʻi loa.ʻAʻole mākou i ana i nā mea ola wale nō akā i nā polymers a me nā mea inorganic (e like me ke aniani metala nui).ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hopena ma mua o ke aniani maʻamau.ʻO ka hiki ke hana aniani o ke aniani pukaaniani kekahi o nā mea hana aniani maikaʻi loa a mākou i ʻike ai, "wahi a Sandra Hultmark, he haumāna kauka ma ke Keʻena ʻenehana a me ka ʻenekinia a me ke kumu alakaʻi o ka noiʻi.

Hoʻonui i ke ola o ka huahana a mālama i nā kumuwaiwai

ʻO nā noi koʻikoʻi no ke aniani kūlohelohe ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā ʻenehana hōʻike e like me nā pale OLED a me nā ʻenehana ikehu hou e like me nā cell solar organik.

“Hoʻokumu ʻia nā OLED me nā ʻāpana aniani o nā molekole organik e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka māmā.Inā ʻoi aku ka paʻa o lākou, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka OLED a ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hōʻike, "wahi a Sandra Hultmark.

ʻO kekahi palapala noi e pōmaikaʻi ana mai ke aniani kūpaʻa ʻoi aku ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o nā lāʻau amorphous, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻopaʻa koke ʻana i ka mea hana i ka wā e ʻai ai.No laila, nui nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻohana i nā ʻano lāʻau hana aniani.No nā lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea koʻikoʻi ia ʻaʻole e kristal ka mea vitreous i ka manawa.ʻOi aku ka paʻa o ka lāʻau aniani, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka lāʻau.

"Me ke aniani kūpaʻa a i ʻole nā ​​mea hana aniani hou, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o ka nui o nā huahana, e mālama ai i nā kumuwaiwai a me ka hoʻokele waiwai," wahi a Christian Müller.

"Ua paʻi ʻia ka vitrification o Xinyuanperylene mix me ka ultra-low brittleness" ma ka puke pai ʻepekema "Science Advances".