(1) ʻO nā māwae ka hemahema maʻamau o nā ʻōmole aniani. Maikaʻi loa nā māwae, a ʻike ʻia kekahi ma ke kukui ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā ʻāpana i loaʻa pinepine ai, ʻo ia ka waha o ka ʻōmole, ka ʻōmole a me ka poʻohiwi, a ʻo ke kino o ka ʻōmole a me lalo he mau māwae.
(2) ʻAʻohe mānoanoa ʻAʻole kēia e pili ana i ka puʻunaue like ʻole o ke aniani ma ka ʻōmole aniani. ʻO ka mea nui ma muli o ka mahana ʻole o nā kulu aniani. ʻO ka ʻāpana wela kiʻekiʻe he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole lawa ka puʻe ʻana, maʻalahi ka puhi ʻana i ka lahilahi, e hopena i ka hāʻawi ʻole ʻana i nā mea; ʻo ka hapa wela haʻahaʻa he kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa. ʻAʻole kūlike ka mahana o ka mold. ʻO ke aniani ma ka ʻaoʻao wela kiʻekiʻe e maʻalili mālie a maʻalahi ke puhi lahilahi. Puhi mānoanoa ka ʻaoʻao wela haʻahaʻa no ka mea e maʻalili koke ke aniani.
(3) Deformation Ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana droplet a me ka mahana hana. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu piha ʻia ka ʻōmole i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai ka ʻōpala i hana ʻia a hāʻule pinepine a hoʻololi ʻia. I kekahi manawa, palupalu ka lalo o ka ʻōmole a paʻi ʻia me nā ʻāpana o ke kāʻei conveyor, e hana ʻole ai ka lalo o ka hue.
(4) He haʻahaʻa loa ka wela o ka droplet incomplete a i ʻole ke anuanu o ke poʻo, kahi e puhi ʻole ai ka waha, ka poʻohiwi a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, e hopena ai i nā āpau, nā poʻohiwi a me nā ʻano ʻike ʻole.
(5) Nā kiko anu Ua kapa ʻia nā ʻāpana like ʻole ma ka ʻili aniani he kiko anu. ʻO ke kumu nui o kēia hemahema ʻo ia ke anuanu o ke kumu hoʻohālike, e hana pinepine ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai i ka hana ʻana a i ʻole e hoʻōki i ka mīkini no ka hana hou ʻana.
(6) Protrusions ʻO nā hemahema o ka laina humuhumu o ka ʻōmole aniani e puka mai ana a i ʻole ka lihi o ka waha i waho. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ma muli o ka hana hewa ʻana o nā ʻāpana hoʻohālike a i ʻole ka hoʻokomo pono ʻana. Inā pōʻino ke kŘkohu, aia ka lepo ma ka ʻili o ka humuhumu, ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ke poʻo o luna a hāʻule ka mea aniani i loko o ka mole mua ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ke kūlana, e kaomi ʻia ka ʻāpana o ke aniani a puhi ʻia paha mai ka hakahaka.
(7) He ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā wrinkles, he pelu kekahi, a he wrinkle maikaʻi loa kekahi ma nā lau. ʻO nā kumu nui o nā wrinkles, ʻo ia ke anuanu o ka droplet, lōʻihi loa ka kulu, a ʻaʻole hāʻule ka kulu i waenakonu o ka poʻo mua akā pili i ka paia o ka lua.
(8) Nā hemahema o ka ʻili ʻO ka ʻili o ka ʻōmole he ʻeleʻele a ʻaʻole like, ʻo ka mea nui ma muli o ka ʻili o ka ʻeleʻele o ka lua. ʻO ka ʻaila lubricating lepo i loko o ka mold a i ʻole ka pulupulu lepo e hoʻemi i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili o ka hue.
(9) Bubbles ʻO nā ʻōhū i hana ʻia i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana ʻana he mau ʻōhū nui a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻōhū liʻiliʻi i hui pū ʻia, he ʻokoʻa ia mai nā ʻōmole liʻiliʻi i puunaue like ʻia i loko o ke aniani ponoʻī.
(10) Hōʻailona ʻokiʻoki ʻO nā meheu i ʻike ʻia i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻōmole ma muli o ka ʻohi maikaʻi ʻole. He ʻelua mau kaha ʻokiʻoki i ka kulu o ka mea. Waiho ʻia ka māka ʻokiʻoki luna ma lalo, e pili ana i ka helehelena. Waiho ʻia ka māka ʻoki haʻahaʻa ma ka waha o ka ʻōmole, ʻo ia ke kumu o nā māwae.
(11) Infusibles: Ua kapa ʻia nā mea aniani ʻole i loko o ke aniani he infusibles.
1. No ka laʻana, hoʻololi ʻia ka silica unmelted i silica keʻokeʻo ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka clarifier.
2. ʻO nā pōhaku makamae ma ka pūʻulu a i ʻole ka cullet, e like me ke ahi a me nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe Al2O3.
3. Loaʻa i nā mea maka nā mea hoʻohaumia e like me FeCr2O4.
4. ʻO nā mea refractory i loko o ka umu i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai, e like me ka ʻili ʻana a me ka erosion.
5. Devitrification o ke aniani.
6. ʻO ka ʻili a me ka hāʻule ʻana o nā pōhaku lepo AZS electroformed.
(12) Nā kaula: Inhomogeneity o ke aniani.
1. ʻO kahi hoʻokahi, akā me nā ʻokoʻa haku mele nui, ke kumu i nā iwi ʻaoʻao i ka haku aniani.
2. ʻAʻole wale ka mahana wela; ʻO ke aniani ua wikiwiki a hoʻomaha ʻole i ka mahana hana, e hui pū ana i ke aniani wela a me ke anuanu, e pili ana i ka ʻili hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-26-2024