Hōʻike kēia pepa i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka hue aniani e hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ʻekolu ʻaoʻao
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mua: ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻōmole a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke aniani, e komo pū me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka manual, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka plasma, ka welding laser spray, etc.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana maʻamau o ka mold spray welding - plasma spray welding, ua hana hou i nā holomua hou ma waho, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me nā hana i hoʻonui nui ʻia, i kapa ʻia ʻo "micro plasma spray welding".
Hiki i ka micro plasma spray welding ke kōkua i nā ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe e hoʻemi nui i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me nā kumukūʻai kūʻai, mālama lōʻihi a me nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻohana ai i nā kumukūʻai, a hiki i nā mea hana ke hoʻopuʻi i kahi ākea o nā mea hana. ʻO ka hoʻololi wale ʻana i ke poʻo o ka lama wiliwili e hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea hana like ʻole.
2.1 He aha ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka "nickel-based alloy solder powder"
He kuhi hewa ʻole ka manaʻo ʻana i ka "nickel" ma ke ʻano he mea pale, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka nickel-based alloy solder pauda he alloy i haku ʻia me ka nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), boron (B) a me ke silikona (Si). Hōʻike ʻia kēia huila e kona wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, mai 1,020 ° C a i 1,050 ° C.
ʻO ke kumu nui e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā pauka solder nickel-based alloy (nickel, chromium, boron, silicon) ma ke ʻano he mea pale i ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolaha ikaika ʻia i ka mākeke. . Eia kekahi, ua maʻalahi ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā alloys nickel e ka welding gas oxy-fuel (OFW) mai ko lākou pae mua loa ma muli o ko lākou wahi heheʻe haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi, a me ka maʻalahi o ka mālama ʻana i ka puddle weld.
ʻO ka Oxygen Fuel Gas Weld (OFW) he ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu ʻokoʻa: ʻo ka pae mua, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka deposition stage, kahi e hoʻoheheʻe ai ka pauka wiliwili a pili i ka ʻili o ka mea hana; Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a hoʻemi i ka porosity.
Pono e hāpai ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka remelting pae e hoʻokō ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa o ka helu heheʻe ma waena o ka metala kumu a me ka nickel alloy, ʻo ia paha ka hao ferritic me kahi helu heheʻe o 1,350 a 1,400 ° C a i ʻole kahi hehee. kiko o 1,370 i 1,500°C o C40 kalapona kila (UNI 7845–78). ʻO ia ka ʻokoʻa o ka helu heheʻe e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ai ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka metala kumu i ka nickel, chromium, boron, a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe silika i ka wā e noho ana lākou i ka mahana o ke kahua hoʻoheheʻe.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka nickel alloy ma ka waiho ʻana i kahi pahu uea paʻa me ka ʻole o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe: pono kēia i ke kōkua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plasma arc welding (PTA).
2.2 nickel-based alloy solder pauda i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka punch/core ma ka ʻoihana aniani
No kēia mau kumu, ua koho maoli ka ʻoihana aniani i nā ʻāpana nickel-based no nā uhi paʻakikī ma nā ʻaoʻao punch. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka waiho ʻana o nā nickel-based alloys ma o ka oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) a i ʻole ma ka supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana induction a i ʻole ka welding gas oxy-fuel (OFW) hou. . Eia hou, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa o ka helu hoʻoheheʻe ma waena o ka metala kumu a me ka nickel alloy ka mea nui loa, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā nickel, chromium, boron, silicon alloys me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), e like me Plasma Welding (PTAW), a i ʻole Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW), inā loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai kahi hale hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kinoea inert.
'Oko'a ka pa'akikī o ka nickel-based alloys e like me nā koi o ka hana, akā ma waena o 30 HRC a me 60 HRC.
2.3 I ke kiʻekiʻe wela kaiapuni, ke kaomi o ka nickel-based alloys he mea nui
ʻO ka paʻakikī i'ōleloʻia ma luna nei e pili ana i ka paʻakikī i ka mahana wela. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā wahi hana wela kiʻekiʻe, e emi ana ka paʻakikī o nā alloys nickel-based.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, ʻoiai he haʻahaʻa ka paʻakikī o nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka cobalt ma mua o ka nickel-based alloys i ka lumi wela, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paʻakikī o nā alloys-based cobalt ma mua o nā ʻāpana nickel-based i nā wela kiʻekiʻe (e like me ka hana ʻana o ka mold. mahana).
Hōʻike ka pakuhi ma lalo nei i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka paʻakikī o nā pauka solder alloy like ʻole me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.
2.4 He aha ke ʻano kikoʻī o ka “kobalt-based alloy solder powder”?
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka cobalt ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ia ka mea i hana ʻia me ka cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), tungsten (W), a i ʻole cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), a me molybdenum (Mo). ʻO ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo "Stellite" solder pauka, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka cobalt he carbide a me nā boride e hana i ko lākou paʻakikī ponoʻī. Loaʻa i kekahi mau ʻāpana kobalt ka 2.5% kalapona. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā alloys pili i ka cobalt ʻo ko lākou paʻakikī paʻakikī a hiki i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
2.5 Nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka wā o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kobalt ma luna o ka punch/core surface:
ʻO ka pilikia nui me ka waiho ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cobalt e pili ana i ko lākou wahi hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka helu hoʻoheheʻeʻana o nā'āpana cobalt-based he 1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, kahi kokoke i ka helu heheʻe o ke kila kalapona a me ka hao hao. Ma ke kuhi, inā pono mākou e hoʻohana i ka welding gas oxy-fuel (OFW) a i ʻole hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), a laila i ka wā o ka "remelting", e heheʻe pū ka metala kumu.
ʻO ka koho kūpono wale nō no ka waiho ʻana i ka pauka i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka cobalt ma ka punch/core: Transferred Plasma Arc (PTA).
2.6 E pili ana i ka hooluolu
E like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma luna, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaʻina Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) a me Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka papa lepo i waiho ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia. I ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka bead weld linear a hoʻopiha ʻia nā pores.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻili metala kumu a me ka ʻili hoʻopaʻa ʻana ua kūpono a ʻaʻole keakea. ʻO nā kuʻi i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma ka laina hana like (bottle), nā kuʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka welding gas oxy-fuel (OFW) a i ʻole supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), nā kuʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka plasma transferred arc (PTA), i hōʻike ʻia ma ka like Under cooling ea kaomi. , ʻO ka mahana hana punch plasma transfer arc (PTA) he 100°C haʻahaʻa.
2.7 E pili ana i ka mīkini
He hana koʻikoʻi ka mīkini i ka hana punch/core. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, he mea pōʻino loa ka waiho ʻana i ka pauka solder (ma nā punches/cores) me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka paʻakikī i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu e pili ana i ka mīkini; ʻO ka hana ʻana ma ka 60HRC hardness alloy solder powder he mea paʻakikī loa, e koi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku e koho i nā ʻāpana haʻahaʻa wale nō i ka wā e hoʻonohonoho ai i nā ʻāpana hāmeʻa hoʻohuli (hoʻohuli i ka wikiwiki o ka mea hana, ka wikiwiki hānai, ka hohonu ...). ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe like ma 45HRC alloy pauka; Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana mea hana hoʻohuli, a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mīkini ponoʻī e hoʻopau.
2.8 E pili ana i ke kaumaha o ka pauka solder i waiho ʻia
ʻO nā kaʻina hana o ka oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) a me ka supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) he kiʻekiʻe loa ka pohō o ka pauka, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 70% i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mea pale i ka mea hana. Inā makemake maoli ka wiliwili ʻana i ka 30 grams o ka pauda solder, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono ka pū wiliwili i 100 grams o ka pauda solder.
Ma kahi lōʻihi, ʻo ka nui o ka pohō o ka ʻenehana plasma transferd arc (PTA) ma kahi o 3% a 5%. No ke kumu puhi like, pono i ka pu kuʻihewa ke kāpīpī i 32 grams o ka pauka solder.
2.9 E pili ana i ka manawa waiho
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke kinoea oxy-fuel (OFW) a me ka supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) he like like. No ka laʻana, he 5 mau minuke ka waiho ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka pahu hoʻokahi. Pono pū ka ʻenehana Plasma Transferred Arc (PTA) i nā minuke 5 like no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka paʻakikī piha o ka ʻili mea hana (plasma transferred arc).
Hōʻike nā kiʻi ma lalo nei i nā hopena o ka hoʻohālikelike ma waena o kēia mau kaʻina hana ʻelua a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka plasma arc welding (PTA).
Ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā kuʻi no ka pale ʻana i ka nickel-based a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cobalt. ʻO nā hopena o nā hoʻokolohua holo ʻana ma ka laina hana hoʻokahi i hōʻike ʻia he 3 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka cobalt ma mua o ka nickel-based punches, a ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā kuʻi kobalt-based i kekahi "degradation". ʻO ke kolu o ke ʻano: Nīnau a me nā pane e pili ana i ka nīnauele me Mr. Claudio Corni, he loea wiliwili ʻūhā Italia, e pili ana i ka wili piha piha o ka lua.
Nīnau 1: Pehea ka mānoanoa o ka papa kuʻihao theoretically koi 'ia no ka lua piha spray kuʻihao? E pili ana anei ka Manoanoa Layer Solder i ka Hana?
Pane 1: Manaʻo wau ʻo ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe o ka papa kuʻihao he 2 ~ 2.5mm, a ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka amplitude oscillation i 5mm; inā hoʻohana ka mea kūʻai i ka waiwai mānoanoa nui, hiki ke loaʻa ka pilikia o ka "lap joint".
Nīnau 2: No ke aha e hoʻohana ʻole ai i kahi kowali nui OSC=30mm ma ka ʻāpana pololei (manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonoho i 5mm)? ʻAʻole anei e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia? He mea koʻikoʻi ko ka swing 5mm?
Pane 2: Manaʻo wau e hoʻohana pū ka ʻāpana pololei i kahi kowali o 5mm e mālama i ka mahana kūpono ma ka ʻōpala;
Inā hoʻohana ʻia kahi swing 30mm, pono e hoʻonohonoho i ka wikiwiki lohi loa, e kiʻekiʻe loa ka mahana o ka mea hana, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka dilution o ka metala kumu, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka mea hoʻopihapiha nalowale e like me 10 HRC. ʻO kekahi mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ka hopena o ke koʻikoʻi ma ka mea hana (ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela), kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka hiki ke haki.
Me ka wili o 5mm laula, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka laina, hiki ke loaʻa ka mana maikaʻi loa, hoʻokumu ʻia nā kihi maikaʻi, mālama ʻia nā ʻano mechanical o ka mea hoʻopihapiha, a ʻo 2 ~ 3 HRC wale nō ka nalowale.
Q3: He aha nā mea e pono ai ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka pauka solder? ʻO wai ka pauka solder i kūpono no ka wiliwili lua?
A3: Manaʻo wau i ka hoʻohālike pauka solder 30PSP, inā loaʻa ka haki ʻana, e hoʻohana i ka 23PSP ma nā pahu hao hao (e hoʻohana i ke kumu hoʻohālike PP ma nā ʻāpana keleawe).
Q4: He aha ke kumu o ke koho ʻana i ka hao ductile? He aha ka pilikia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao hina?
Pane 4: Ma ʻEulopa, hoʻohana maʻamau mākou i ka hao nodular, no ka mea, nodular cast iron (ʻelua inoa Pelekane: Nodular cast iron a Ductile cast iron), ua loaʻa ka inoa no ka mea aia ka graphite i loko o ke ʻano spherical ma lalo o ka microscope; ʻaʻole like me nā papa ʻAʻole i hana ʻia i ka hao hina hina (ʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo "laminate cast iron"). ʻO ia mau ʻokoʻa haku mele e hoʻoholo i ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka hao ductile a me ka hao laminate: hana nā spheres i kahi kūʻē geometrical i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a pēlā e loaʻa ai kahi ʻano ductility koʻikoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke ʻano spherical o ka graphite, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui like, noho ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili, e hōʻemi ana i ka pōʻino o ka mea, no laila e loaʻa ai ka ʻoi aku o ka waiwai. Mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana mua i ka makahiki 1948, ua lilo ka ductile iron i mea koho maikaʻi loa i ke kila (a me nā hao hao ʻē aʻe), hiki i ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, hana kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka hana diffusion o ka hao ductile ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona, i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻoki maʻalahi a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpaʻa ʻokoʻa o ka hao hoʻoheheʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka huki ʻana / ke kaumaha.
maikaʻi machinability
kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa
He kūʻē maikaʻi ko ke kumukūʻai ʻāpana
Hoʻohui maikaʻi o nā waiwai tensile a elongation
Nīnau 5: ʻO wai ka mea maikaʻi no ka lōʻihi me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa?
A5: ʻO 35 ~ 21 HRC ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, paipai wau e hoʻohana i ka pauka solder 30 PSP e loaʻa ai kahi waiwai paʻakikī kokoke i 28 HRC.
ʻAʻole pili pono ka paʻakikī i ke ola mold, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui i ke ola lawelawe ʻo ke ʻano o ka "uhi" o ka ʻili a me ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia.
ʻO ka wili lima lima, ʻo ka hui maoli (weld material a me base metal) ka hui ʻana o ka mold i loaʻa ʻaʻole maikaʻi e like me ka PTA plasma, a ʻike pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpala i ke kaʻina hana aniani.
Nīnau 6: Pehea e hana ai i ka hoʻoheheʻe piha ʻana o ka lua i loko? Pehea e ʻike ai a mālama i ka maikaʻi o ka papa solder?
Pane 6: Paipai au i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka wikiwiki pauka haʻahaʻa ma ka welder PTA, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 10RPM; e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ʻaoʻao poʻohiwi, e mālama i ke kaawale ma 5mm e wili i nā lei like.
Kākau ma ka hope:
I ka wā o ka hoʻololi ʻenehana wikiwiki, hoʻokele ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana i ka holomua o nā ʻoihana a me ke kaiāulu; hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea hana like e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole. No ka hale hana mold, ma waho aʻe o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā koi o kāna mea kūʻai aku, ʻo ke kaʻina hana e pono ai ke hoʻohana ʻia, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka hana kumukūʻai o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lako, ka maʻalahi o nā lako, ka mālama ʻana a me nā kumukūʻai pau o ka hoʻohana hope ʻana, a inā paha. hiki i nā mea hana ke uhi i kahi ākea o nā huahana. ʻO ka micro plasma spray welding me ke kānalua ʻole i kahi koho ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā hale hana mold.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-17-2022